The 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' (Clean India Mission), launched in 2014, is a flagship program by the Government of India aimed at achieving universal sanitation coverage and making India open defecation free (ODF). While significant strides have been made, the journey towards a truly clean India is fraught with challenges that require continuous effort and innovative remedies.

Challenges:

1. Behavioral Change: The most significant challenge is ingrained habits and mindsets. Despite the availability of toilets, many rural populations still prefer open defecation due to cultural practices, lack of awareness, or perceived convenience.
2. Sustainability of ODF Status: Achieving ODF status is one thing; sustaining it is another. Lack of regular maintenance, water availability in toilets, and continued behavioral change efforts are crucial for long-term success.
3. Waste Management Infrastructure: While toilet construction has been a focus, solid and liquid waste management (SLWM) infrastructure, especially in rural areas, remains inadequate. This includes collection, segregation, transportation, and scientific disposal of waste.
4. Financial Constraints: Despite government funding, the sheer scale of the problem requires substantial financial resources for infrastructure development, maintenance, and awareness campaigns.
5. Urban Sanitation: Urban areas face unique challenges like managing vast quantities of municipal solid waste, dealing with informal settlements, and ensuring proper sewage treatment and disposal.
6. Manual Scavenging: Despite being outlawed, manual scavenging persists in some areas, highlighting the need for better rehabilitation and technological solutions for waste handling.
7. Public Participation and Ownership: While government initiatives are vital, true cleanliness requires active participation and a sense of ownership from every citizen.
8. Water Availability: Many toilets, especially in water-scarce regions, lack a consistent water supply, making them unusable or difficult to maintain.

Remedies and Solutions:

1. Intensive IEC (Information, Education, Communication) Campaigns: Continuous and targeted campaigns are needed to promote hygiene practices, emphasize the health benefits of sanitation, and address cultural barriers to toilet usage.
2. Focus on SLWM: Prioritizing the development of robust solid and liquid waste management systems, including door-to-door waste collection, segregation at source, composting, and waste-to-energy plants.
3. Technological Solutions: Adopting innovative and cost-effective technologies for waste treatment, smart bins, and monitoring systems for sanitation infrastructure.
4. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS): Empowering local communities to identify their sanitation problems and collectively find solutions, fostering a sense of ownership and sustainability.
5. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Encouraging private sector involvement in funding, building, and managing sanitation infrastructure and services.
6. Capacity Building: Training local government bodies, sanitation workers, and community leaders to effectively manage sanitation programs and maintain infrastructure.
7. Incentivizing Behavioral Change: Providing incentives for sustained toilet usage and proper waste disposal, alongside penalties for non-compliance.
8. Water Security for Toilets: Integrating water supply projects with sanitation initiatives to ensure functional and hygienic toilets.
9. Addressing Manual Scavenging: Strict enforcement of laws against manual scavenging, coupled with rehabilitation programs and promotion of mechanized cleaning solutions.
10. Monitoring and Evaluation: Robust monitoring mechanisms to track progress, identify gaps, and ensure accountability at all levels.

Achieving a 'Clean India' is not merely about building toilets but about fostering a culture of cleanliness and hygiene. It requires a sustained, multi-stakeholder approach that combines infrastructure development with behavioral change, technological innovation, and strong governance.