M.P Civil Jugde Pre Exam 1998
  1. A, the captain of B's ship, signs a bill of lading without having received on board the goods mentioned therein. As between B and pretended consignor is concerned the bill of lading are-
Verified Answer

Core Legal Answer & Context: A bill of lading signed by the captain without actually receiving the goods on board is fundamentally a misrepresentation of fact. As between the carrier (B) and the pretended consignor, such a document is considered void. It lacks the essential element of actual goods being shipped, rendering the document a nullity in this specific relationship due to fraud or fundamental error.

Relevant Statutes and Sections: Indian Contract Act, 1872, Sections 17 (Fraud), 18 (Misrepresentation), and 2(g) (Void agreement).

Important Landmark Cases: While no specific landmark case is directly on point for this exact scenario in Indian law, the principle aligns with general contract law regarding fraud and misrepresentation rendering agreements void.

Clear Conclusion: The bill of lading is void.