Explanation:

A mirage is a natural optical phenomenon in which light rays are bent to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. This occurs when light passes through layers of air with different temperatures, and thus different refractive indices. In a hot environment, the air near the ground is hotter and less dense than the cooler air above it. Light rays from a distant object travel from the denser, cooler air into the rarer, hotter air, bending away from the normal. If the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, the light undergoes Total Internal Reflection (TIR), causing an inverted image that appears like a reflection on water. Option (B) is correct because mirages are a direct consequence of Total Internal Reflection of light due to varying refractive indices of air layers. Option (A) is incorrect; Dispersion is the splitting of white light into its constituent colors. Option (C) is incorrect; Diffraction is the bending of waves as they pass around obstacles or through apertures. Option (D) is incorrect; Doppler's effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source, relevant for sound and light but not mirages.