Permanent instructions that the computer uses when it is turned on and that can not be changed by other instructions are contained in—
Verified Answer
A. (a) ROM
B. (b) RAM
C. (c) REM
D. (d) None of these
Explanation:
Option (a) ROM (Read-Only Memory) is the correct answer. ROM stores the firmware, such as the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), which contains the essential permanent instructions needed to start up the computer. These instructions are non-volatile and are generally not modifiable by the user. Option (b) RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and stores temporary data. Option (c) REM is not a standard computer memory type; it's often used as a remark in programming languages. Therefore, (d) None of these is incorrect.