Explanation:

Fortran (Formula Translation) was specifically created for numerical and scientific computing. Its robust capabilities for handling complex mathematical expressions, array operations, and optimizing performance make it the preferred language for intensive scientific calculations, simulations, and engineering problems in various domains, including weather forecasting, structural analysis, and computational fluid dynamics. (a) Basic: Incorrect. BASIC is a general-purpose language, not optimized for complex scientific calculations. (b) Fortran: Correct. Fortran is specifically designed and highly efficient for scientific and engineering computations. (c) Cobol: Incorrect. COBOL is for business applications, not scientific calculations. (d) Pascal: Incorrect. Pascal is a structured language often used for teaching, but not primarily for complex scientific calculations. (e) None of these: Incorrect, as (b) is the correct answer.