Question 1

4. is approximately one billion bytes.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) Gigabyte. To identify the unit that is approximately one billion bytes, we refer to the standard definitions of digital storage units: - $text{Kilobyte (KB)}$ is approximately $10^3$ bytes (or $2^{10} = 1024$ bytes). - $text{Megabyte (MB)}$ is approximately $10^6$ bytes (or $2^{20} = 1,048,576$ bytes). - $text{Gigabyte (GB)}$ is approximately $10^9$ bytes (or $2^{30} = 1,073,741,824$ bytes). Option (c) Gigabyte: This is the correct answer. A Gigabyte (GB) is defined as approximately one billion bytes. More precisely, in the decimal system, $1 text{ GB} = 10^9 text{ bytes}$. In the binary system, which is commonly used in computing, $1 text{ GB} = 2^{30} text{ bytes} = 1,073,741,824 text{ bytes}$, which is very close to one billion. Option (a) Kilobyte: A Kilobyte (KB) is approximately one thousand bytes ($10^3$ bytes or $2^{10}$ bytes), which is significantly smaller than one billion bytes. Option (b) Bit: A bit is the smallest unit of data, representing a single binary digit ($0$ or $1$). It is far too small to be approximately one billion bytes. There are $8$ bits in $1$ byte. Option (d) Megabyte: A Megabyte (MB) is approximately one million bytes ($10^6$ bytes or $2^{20}$ bytes), which is still much smaller than one billion bytes. Option (e) None of these: This is incorrect as Gigabyte accurately represents approximately one billion bytes.

Question 2

5. Which of the following is true ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) Byte is an eight digit binary number.. Let's analyze each statement to determine its truthfulness based on computer science definitions: Option (a) Byte is a single digit in binary number: This is incorrect. A single digit in a binary number is called a 'bit' (binary digit), not a byte. A byte is a collection of bits. Option (b) Bit represents a group of digital numbers: This is incorrect. A bit represents a single binary digit ($0$ or $1$), which is the most fundamental unit of information. It does not represent a 'group of digital numbers.' Option (c) Byte is an eight digit binary number: This is the correct statement. In computer science, a byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. An eight-bit binary number can represent $2^8 = 256$ different values, ranging from $000000002$ to $111111112$. Therefore, a byte is essentially an eight-digit binary number. Option (d) Bit is an eight digit binary number: This is incorrect. As established, a bit is a single binary digit. An eight-digit binary number is a byte. Option (e) None of these: This is incorrect because option (c) is a true statement.

Question 3

2. The largest unit of storage is

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) TB. To determine the largest unit of storage among the given options, we need to understand the hierarchy of digital storage units. These units are based on powers of $2$ (binary) or powers of $10$ (decimal, often used for marketing capacity): - $text{KB (Kilobyte)} approx 10^3 text{ bytes}$ (specifically $2^{10} = 1024 text{ bytes}$) - $text{MB (Megabyte)} approx 10^6 text{ bytes}$ (specifically $2^{20} = 1,048,576 text{ bytes}$) - $text{GB (Gigabyte)} approx 10^9 text{ bytes}$ (specifically $2^{30} = 1,073,741,824 text{ bytes}$) - $text{TB (Terabyte)} approx 10^{12} text{ bytes}$ (specifically $2^{40} = 1,099,511,627,776 text{ bytes}$) Comparing these values, a Terabyte (TB) is significantly larger than a Gigabyte (GB), Megabyte (MB), or Kilobyte (KB). Therefore, option (d) TB is the largest unit of storage listed. Option (a) GB (Gigabyte): A Gigabyte is $1024$ Megabytes, which is smaller than a Terabyte. Option (b) KB (Kilobyte): A Kilobyte is $1024$ bytes, making it the smallest unit among KB, MB, GB, and TB. Option (c) MB (Megabyte): A Megabyte is $1024$ Kilobytes, which is larger than a Kilobyte but smaller than a Gigabyte and Terabyte. Option (e) None of these: This is incorrect as TB is clearly the largest unit among the choices provided.

Question 4

6. How many choices are there in binary choice ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Two. The term 'binary' itself provides the answer to this question. In the context of computing and mathematics, 'binary' refers to a system or choice involving two distinct possibilities or states. Option (b) Two: This is the correct answer. A binary choice fundamentally refers to the two possible states or values that a bit can take: $0$ or $1$. These two states represent the basic 'on' or 'off' electrical signals that computers use to process and store information. The prefix 'bi-' means two. Option (a) One: This is incorrect. If there were only one choice, it would not be a 'binary' system; it would be a unary system, which cannot represent varying information or choices. Option (c) It depends upon the amount of memory in a computer.: This is incorrect. The number of choices in a binary system ($0$ or $1$) is a fundamental characteristic of the system itself, not dependent on the amount of memory. Memory capacity affects how many bits can be stored, but not the nature of a single bit's choice. Option (d) It depends upon the speed of the processor of a computer.: This is incorrect. Similar to memory, processor speed affects how quickly binary operations can be performed, but it does not alter the fact that a binary choice fundamentally involves two options. Option (e) None of these: This is incorrect because 'Two' accurately describes the number of choices in a binary system.

Question 5

7. How many bits are represented in one byte?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (a) 8. This question asks for a fundamental definition in computer science regarding the relationship between bits and bytes. Option (a) 8: This is the correct answer. By standard definition in computer architecture and digital information, one byte is composed of $8$ bits. This grouping of $8$ bits allows for $2^8 = 256$ distinct values or characters to be represented, which is a convenient number for encoding alphanumeric characters, symbols, and small integers. This standard was established early in computing history and remains widely adopted. Option (b) 16: This is incorrect. $16$ bits constitute two bytes, often referred to as a 'word' or 'short integer' in some architectures, but not a single byte. Option (c) 64: This is incorrect. $64$ bits represent eight bytes ($64 text{ bits} div 8 text{ bits/byte} = 8 text{ bytes}$). This is a common word size for modern $64$-bit processors, but it is not the definition of a single byte. Option (d) 256: This is incorrect. $256$ is the number of distinct values that can be represented by one byte (i.e., $2^8$), not the number of bits in a byte. Option (e) 512: This is incorrect. $512$ bits would be $64$ bytes ($512 text{ bits} div 8 text{ bits/byte} = 64 text{ bytes}$). The mathematical relationship is $1 text{ Byte} = 8 text{ bits}$.

Question 6

8. One megabyte is equal to approximately

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) 1 million bytes. To determine what one megabyte (MB) is approximately equal to, we need to understand the standard definitions of digital storage units: - A Megabyte (MB) is defined as $2^{20}$ bytes in binary terms, which equals $1,048,576$ bytes. This value is approximately $10^6$ bytes, or one million bytes. In the decimal system, a Megabyte is often defined as exactly $1,000,000$ bytes for simplicity, especially in storage device marketing. Option (c) 1 million bytes: This is the correct answer. As explained, $1 text{ MB} approx 1,000,000 text{ bytes}$. Option (a) 1000 bits: This is incorrect. $1000 text{ bits} = frac{1000}{8} text{ bytes} = 125 text{ bytes}$. This is far too small for a Megabyte. Option (b) 1000 bytes: This is incorrect. $1000 text{ bytes}$ is approximately $1 text{ Kilobyte (KB)}$, not a Megabyte. A Megabyte is roughly $1000 text{ Kilobytes}$. Option (d) 1 million bits: This is incorrect. $1 text{ million bits} = 1,000,000 text{ bits} = frac{1,000,000}{8} text{ bytes} = 125,000 text{ bytes}$. This is $0.125 text{ MB}$, not $1 text{ MB}$. Option (e) 2000 bytes: This is incorrect. $2000 text{ bytes}$ is approximately $2 text{ Kilobytes}$, which is significantly smaller than a Megabyte. The mathematical relationship is $1 text{ MB} = 2^{20} text{ bytes} = 1,048,576 text{ bytes} approx 10^6 text{ bytes}$.

Question 7

9. The smallest unit of computer memory is called .........

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Bit. This question asks for the most fundamental and smallest unit of data in computer memory. Option (b) Bit: This is the correct answer. A bit (short for 'binary digit') is the most fundamental and smallest unit of data in a computer. It can hold only one of two values: $0$ or $1$. All other units of computer memory (like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, etc.) are composed of multiple bits. Option (a) Byte: A byte is a common unit of computer memory, but it is composed of $8$ bits. Therefore, it is not the smallest unit. Option (c) Megabyte: A Megabyte is a much larger unit of memory, consisting of $2^{20}$ bytes or $8 times 2^{20}$ bits. It is far from the smallest unit. Option (d) These all: This is incorrect because only 'Bit' is the smallest unit among the options provided. Byte and Megabyte are larger units built upon bits. Option (e) None of these: This is incorrect as 'Bit' is indeed the smallest unit of computer memory. The hierarchy of units is: $text{Bit} rightarrow text{Byte} rightarrow text{Kilobyte} rightarrow text{Megabyte} rightarrow text{Gigabyte} rightarrow text{Terabyte} dots$

Question 8

3. The time bit is short for

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) Binary digit. The term 'bit' is a fundamental concept in computing and is a contraction of two words. It represents the smallest unit of data in a computer system. Option (c) Binary digit: This is the correct answer. The word 'bit' is a portmanteau (a blend of words) derived from 'binary digit.' A binary digit is a single unit of information that can represent one of two values, typically $0$ or $1$. This fundamental unit forms the basis for all digital information processing and storage. Option (a) Megabyte: A Megabyte is a unit of digital information equal to $1024$ Kilobytes or $2^{20}$ bytes. It is a much larger unit of storage and not what 'bit' stands for. Option (b) Binary language: Binary language, also known as machine code, is a low-level programming language consisting of sequences of binary digits (bits). While bits are the components of binary language, 'bit' itself is not short for 'binary language.' Option (d) Binary number: A binary number is a number expressed in the binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols ($0$ and $1$). A bit is a single binary digit, which can be part of a binary number, but 'bit' is specifically short for 'binary digit.' Option (e) None of these: This is incorrect because 'Binary digit' is the precise origin of the term 'bit.'

Question 9

1. To calculate perform calculation and store data computer user number system.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) Binary. To perform calculations and store data, a computer fundamentally uses the binary number system. This is because computers are electronic devices that operate using electrical signals, which are typically in one of two states: on or off. These two states are represented by the binary digits (bits) $0$ and $1$. All data storage, processing, and calculations within a computer are performed using this binary system, where the CPU's transistors act as switches, representing these binary states. Option (a) Decimal: The decimal number system (base $10$) is what humans commonly use, with digits $0-9$. While computers interact with users in decimal (e.g., displaying numbers), their internal operations are not in decimal. Option (b) Hexadecimal: The hexadecimal number system (base $16$) uses digits $0-9$ and letters $A-F$. It is often used by programmers as a compact shorthand to represent binary data because it's easily convertible, but it's not the system computers use for fundamental internal operations. Option (c) Octal: The octal number system (base $8$) uses digits $0-7$. Like hexadecimal, it was historically used as a compact representation of binary data, but it is not the internal operating system of a computer. Option (e) None of these: This is incorrect as Binary is the correct answer.

Question 10

In computer terminology, what is a nibble?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: Half a byte. In computer terminology, a 'nibble' (sometimes spelled 'nybble') is a specific unit of data. We know that a 'byte' is composed of $8$ bits. A nibble is defined as a group of $4$ bits. Since $4$ bits is exactly half of $8$ bits, a nibble is equivalent to half a byte. Options (b) A terabyte, (c) A gigabyte, and (d) A kilobyte are all very large units of data storage, representing $10^{12}$, $10^9$, and $10^3$ bytes respectively (approximately), and are therefore incorrect. The term 'nibble' specifically refers to a $4$-bit unit, making (a) Half a byte the correct definition.

Question 11

1 gigabyte equals to—

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: 1000 megabytes. In the context of computer memory and storage, units are typically based on powers of $2$. Specifically, $1 text{ Gigabyte (GB)} = 1024 text{ Megabytes (MB)}$. However, in common commercial usage, particularly for hard drive capacities, manufacturers often use base $10$ powers, where $1 text{ GB}$ is approximated as $1000 text{ MB}$. Given the options, (a) $1000 text{ megabytes}$ is the closest and most commonly accepted approximate value for $1 text{ Gigabyte}$ in a multiple-choice setting where $1024 text{ MB}$ is not an option. Options (b) $100 text{ megabytes}$, (c) $10 text{ megabytes}$, and (d) $10000 text{ megabytes}$ are significantly incorrect; $100 text{ MB}$ and $10 text{ MB}$ are too small, while $10000 text{ MB}$ would be $10 text{ GB}$. Thus, (a) $1000 text{ megabytes}$ is the best answer among the choices provided, reflecting the common decimal approximation.

Question 12

1 terabyte is equal to—

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: 1024 GB. To determine the equivalent of $1 text{ Terabyte (TB)}$, we refer to the standard binary-based hierarchy of digital storage units. The conversions are as follows: $1 text{ Kilobyte (KB)} = 1024 text{ bytes}$. $1 text{ Megabyte (MB)} = 1024 text{ KB}$. $1 text{ Gigabyte (GB)} = 1024 text{ MB}$. $1 text{ Terabyte (TB)} = 1024 text{ GB}$. $1 text{ Petabyte (PB)} = 1024 text{ TB}$. Based on this hierarchy, $1 text{ Terabyte}$ is precisely equal to $1024 text{ Gigabytes}$. Let's check the options: (a) $1024 text{ PB}$ is incorrect; $1 text{ TB}$ is much smaller than $1 text{ PB}$. (b) $1024 text{ KB}$ is incorrect; $1024 text{ KB}$ equals $1 text{ MB}$, which is far too small. (c) $1024 text{ MB}$ is incorrect; $1024 text{ MB}$ equals $1 text{ GB}$, also far too small. (d) $1024 text{ GB}$ is the correct conversion. Therefore, $1 text{ terabyte}$ is equal to (d) $1024 text{ GB}$.

Question 13

The smallest unit in a digital system is a .........

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: bit. In a digital system, information is fundamentally represented using binary digits. The smallest unit of information is a 'bit', which can hold a value of either $0$ or $1$. A 'Byte' (option a) is a group of $8$ bits. A 'Kilobyte' (option b) is $1024$ bytes. A 'Word' (option c) is a larger unit, typically $2$, $4$, or $8$ bytes, depending on the computer's architecture. A 'Character' (option d) typically occupies $1$ byte (or more for multi-byte encodings like Unicode), representing a symbol. Since a bit is the most granular unit of data, capable of representing the smallest piece of information (a binary choice), it is the smallest unit in a digital system. Therefore, option (e) bit is the correct answer.

Question 14

Which of the following is the largest unit of storage ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: TB. To determine the largest unit of storage among the given options, we need to understand the standard hierarchy of digital storage units. The hierarchy, from smallest to largest, is typically: Bit < Byte < Kilobyte (KB) < Megabyte (MB) < Gigabyte (GB) < Terabyte (TB) < Petabyte (PB), and so on. Let's compare the options provided: (a) GB (Gigabyte), (b) KB (Kilobyte), (c) MB (Megabyte), (d) TB (Terabyte). Arranging these in ascending order of size, we have: $text{KB} < text{MB} < text{GB} < text{TB}$. Therefore, Terabyte (TB) is the largest unit among the choices. Option (a) GB, (b) KB, and (c) MB are all smaller than TB. Option (e) 'None of these' is incorrect because TB is clearly the largest among the listed units.

Question 15

A ......... is approximately one billion bytes.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: Gigabyte. To identify which unit approximately equals one billion bytes, we refer to the standard conversions of digital storage units. We know that: $1 text{ Kilobyte (KB)} = 1024 text{ bytes}$. $1 text{ Megabyte (MB)} = 1024 text{ KB} = 1024 times 1024 text{ bytes} approx 1 text{ million bytes}$. $1 text{ Gigabyte (GB)} = 1024 text{ MB} = 1024 times 1024 times 1024 text{ bytes} approx 1.07 times 10^9 text{ bytes}$, which is approximately $1 text{ billion bytes}$. $1 text{ Terabyte (TB)} = 1024 text{ GB} approx 1 text{ trillion bytes}$. A Bit is the smallest unit, much smaller than a byte. Therefore, (c) Gigabyte is approximately one billion bytes. Options (a) Kilobyte and (d) Megabyte are too small, representing thousands and millions of bytes respectively. Option (b) Bit is the fundamental binary unit, far too small. Option (e) 'None of these' is incorrect as Gigabyte fits the description.

Question 16

The computer abbreviation KB usually means .........

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: Kilo Byte. In computer terminology, abbreviations are commonly used for units of data storage. The abbreviation 'KB' stands for 'Kilobyte'. A Kilobyte is a unit of digital information storage, approximately $1000$ bytes or precisely $1024$ bytes ($2^{10}$ bytes). Options (a) 'Key Block', (b) 'Kernel Boot', and (d) 'Kit Bit' are not standard computer abbreviations for 'KB' in the context of data measurement. 'Key Block' might refer to a cryptographic concept, 'Kernel Boot' to the operating system startup process, and 'Kit Bit' is not a recognized term. Therefore, the correct meaning of KB is (c) Kilo Byte.

Question 17

Information on a computer is stored as what ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: digital data. Computers are digital devices, meaning they process and store information in discrete, binary forms. This form of information is known as digital data. Digital data is represented by binary digits (bits), typically $0$s and $1$s. (a) Analog data, in contrast, is continuous and varies smoothly over time (like sound waves or light intensity). While computers can process analog data, it must first be converted into digital data using an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) before storage or processing. (d) Watts data refers to units of power, not a format for storing information. (c) Modem data refers to data transmitted via a modem, which can be analog (over telephone lines) or digital (over cable/fiber), but the data itself, once inside the computer, is digital. Therefore, information on a computer is stored as (b) digital data.

Question 18

One thousand bytes is a .........

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: kilobyte. To determine what one thousand bytes approximates, we look at the standard units of digital storage. The fundamental unit is a byte. The next larger unit is a kilobyte (KB). By definition, $1 text{ Kilobyte (KB)} = 1024 text{ bytes}$. Therefore, one thousand bytes ($1000 text{ bytes}$) is very close to $1024 text{ bytes}$, which means it is approximately $1 text{ Kilobyte}$. Options (b) Megabyte ($1024 text{ KB}$ or approximately $1 text{ million bytes}$), (c) Gigabyte ($1024 text{ MB}$ or approximately $1 text{ billion bytes}$), and (d) Terabyte ($1024 text{ GB}$ or approximately $1 text{ trillion bytes}$) are all significantly larger units of storage. Thus, (a) kilobyte is the correct approximation.

Question 19

Which of the following is the second largest measurement of RAM ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: Gigabyte. To identify the second largest measurement of RAM from the given options, we first need to understand the hierarchy of memory units and exclude irrelevant units. The standard memory hierarchy from smallest to largest is: Byte < Kilobyte < Megabyte < Gigabyte < Terabyte. Let's list the relevant options in ascending order of size: (c) Byte, (b) Megabyte, (d) Gigabyte, (a) Terabyte. Option (e) Megahertz (MHz) is a unit of frequency, typically used to measure processor speed or bus speed, not memory capacity, so it is irrelevant to memory measurement. Among the valid memory units, Terabyte is the largest. Following Terabyte, the next largest unit is Gigabyte. Therefore, (d) Gigabyte is the second largest measurement of RAM among the given choices.

Question 20

One TB approximately comprises or occupies which of the following data or space size ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: 1024 GB. To determine what $1 text{ TB}$ (Terabyte) approximately comprises, we need to recall the standard conversions in the binary system used for computer memory. The hierarchy is based on powers of $1024$: $1 text{ KB} = 1024 text{ bytes}$, $1 text{ MB} = 1024 text{ KB}$, $1 text{ GB} = 1024 text{ MB}$, and $1 text{ TB} = 1024 text{ GB}$. Let's evaluate the options: (a) $1000 text{ KB}$ is far too small, equivalent to approximately $1 text{ MB}$. (b) $1024 text{ MB}$ is equivalent to $1 text{ GB}$, which is also too small for $1 text{ TB}$. (d) $1000 text{ GB}$ is an approximation often used in marketing for $1 text{ TB}$, but it is not the precise binary value. (c) $1024 text{ GB}$ is the exact binary equivalent of $1 text{ TB}$. Since the question asks what $1 text{ TB}$ 'approximately comprises or occupies' and $1024 text{ GB}$ is an option, it is the most accurate answer. While $1000 text{ GB}$ is an approximation, $1024 text{ GB}$ is the precise value in computer science context.

Question 21

As per data or space sizes, which one of the following series is arranged from largest to smallest ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: TB, GB, MB, KB. To arrange the data sizes from largest to smallest, we must know the standard hierarchy of storage units: Terabyte (TB) Gigabyte (GB) Megabyte (MB) Kilobyte (KB) Byte Bit. Let's examine each option based on this hierarchy: (a) KB, MB, TB, GB: This sequence is $10^3, 10^6, 10^{12}, 10^9$ bytes (approx). It starts small, gets larger, then smaller again. Incorrect. (b) TB, GB, KB, MB: This sequence is $10^{12}, 10^9, 10^3, 10^6$ bytes (approx). It goes from largest to smaller (TB to GB), then jumps to much smaller (KB), then jumps back to larger (MB). Incorrect. (c) GB, TB, MB, KB: This sequence is $10^9, 10^{12}, 10^6, 10^3$ bytes (approx). It starts with GB, then goes to the larger TB. Incorrect. (d) TB, GB, MB, KB: This sequence is $10^{12}, 10^9, 10^6, 10^3$ bytes (approx). This correctly follows the order from largest to smallest: Terabyte (TB) is the largest, followed by Gigabyte (GB), then Megabyte (MB), and finally Kilobyte (KB) as the smallest among these. Therefore, option (d) is the correct arrangement.

Question 22

Which one of the following is the equivalent 8421BCD code of the decimal number 87.34 ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: 10000111.00110100. To convert a decimal number to its 8421 BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) equivalent, each decimal digit is individually converted into its 4-bit binary representation. The 8421 weighting refers to the positional values of the bits in each 4-bit group ($8 times text{bit}3 + 4 times text{bit}2 + 2 times text{bit}1 + 1 times text{bit}0$). Let's convert the decimal number $87.34$: 1. Integer Part (87): For the digit 8: The 4-bit BCD code for 8 is $10002$ (since $1 times 8 + 0 times 4 + 0 times 2 + 0 times 1 = 8$). For the digit 7: The 4-bit BCD code for 7 is $01112$ (since $0 times 8 + 1 times 4 + 1 times 2 + 1 times 1 = 7$). Combining these, the BCD for 87 is $100001112$. 2. Fractional Part (34): For the digit 3: The 4-bit BCD code for 3 is $00112$ (since $0 times 8 + 0 times 4 + 1 times 2 + 1 times 1 = 3$). For the digit 4: The 4-bit BCD code for 4 is $01002$ (since $0 times 8 + 1 times 4 + 0 times 2 + 0 times 1 = 4$). Combining these, the BCD for .34 is $.001101002$. 3. Combining both parts: The 8421 BCD code for $87.34$ is $10000111.001101002$. Let's evaluate the given options: (a) $10000111.00110100$: This matches our calculated BCD code. The integer part $10002$ ($8$) and $01112$ ($7$) forms $87$. The fractional part $00112$ ($3$) and $01002$ ($4$) forms $.34$. Thus, this option is correct. (b) $10100111.00110100$: The first 4-bit group $10102$ represents decimal $10$, which is not a valid BCD digit (BCD only represents $0-9$). This is incorrect. (c) $10001110.11000010$: The second 4-bit group in the integer part $11102$ represents decimal $14$, which is not a valid BCD digit. The first 4-bit group in the fractional part $11002$ represents decimal $12$, also not a valid BCD digit. This is incorrect. (d) $10101110.11000010$: This option contains multiple invalid BCD digits ($10102$ for $10$, $11102$ for $14$, $11002$ for $12$). This is incorrect. Therefore, the correct 8421 BCD code for the decimal number $87.34$ is $10000111.00110100$.

Question 23

Which one of the following digital circuits is used as the basic component for storing data ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: Flip-flop. In digital electronics, the fundamental building block for storing a single bit of information is a memory element. Let's analyze the given options: (a) Register: A register is a collection of multiple flip-flops, typically $n$ flip-flops to store an $n$-bit word. While a register stores data, it is not the basic component; rather, it is constructed from basic storage elements. Think of it as a small memory unit, but its constituent parts are more fundamental. (b) Derived logic gates: Derived logic gates, such as NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates, are combinational logic circuits. This means their output at any given time depends solely on their current inputs. They do not have memory capabilities and cannot store data. They perform logical operations but do not retain state. (c) Flip-flop: A flip-flop is a bistable multivibrator, meaning it has two stable states (representing 0 and 1) and can store one bit of binary information. It is the most fundamental sequential logic circuit that possesses memory. All other more complex memory elements like registers, counters, and RAM cells are ultimately built using flip-flops or similar latching mechanisms. Therefore, it is the basic component for storing data. (d) Counter: A counter is a specific type of sequential circuit that uses flip-flops to count events. It stores a count value, which changes based on input clock pulses. Like a register, a counter is built using flip-flops as its core storage elements. Thus, it is a higher-level functional block, not the basic storage component itself. Considering the options, the flip-flop is the elementary unit capable of storing a single bit of data, making it the basic component for data storage in digital circuits.

Question 24

The method to store characters and symbols in bytes is called

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) Coding system. The process of representing characters (like letters, numbers, punctuation) and symbols in a digital format, typically using sequences of bits grouped into bytes, is known as a coding system or character encoding. Examples include ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode, which assign unique numerical codes to characters. Option (d) Coding system is correct. Option (a) Number system refers to how numerical values are represented (e.g., binary, decimal). Option (b) Alpha system is not a standard term. Option (c) Byte system is vague; while characters are stored in bytes, this doesn't describe the method of representation, but rather a unit of storage.

Question 25

One kilobyte makes from

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) 1024 bytes. A kilobyte (KB) is a standard unit of digital information storage. In computing, memory units are typically based on powers of $2$. One kilobyte is precisely $2^{10}$ bytes, which calculates to $1024$ bytes. Option (b) correctly states $1024$ bytes. Option (a) $612$ bytes, (c) $2048$ bytes ($2 text{ KB}$), (d) $4096$ bytes ($4 text{ KB}$), and (e) $8192$ bytes ($8 text{ KB}$) are incorrect as they do not represent the standard definition of a kilobyte. The binary nature of computer memory means that powers of $2$ are used for these fundamental units, unlike the decimal prefixes used in other scientific contexts.

Question 26

Which of the following is used for memory measurement?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) Tb. Memory measurement units are based on bytes, often prefixed to denote larger quantities. 'Tb' stands for Terabyte, a unit of digital information storage equal to $2^{40}$ bytes or approximately $10^{12}$ bytes, commonly used for large storage capacities. Option (c) is correct. 'Lb' (pound) is a unit of mass. 'Mg' (megagram or metric ton) is also a unit of mass. 'GHs' is not a standard unit of memory measurement; 'GHz' (gigahertz) is a unit of frequency. 'Sb' is not a standard unit of memory measurement. Thus, 'Tb' is the only valid unit for memory measurement among the given choices.

Question 27

In binary number which number system is used ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Binary. The question asks about the number system used in binary numbers. By definition, the binary number system is a base-$2$ system that exclusively uses two symbols, typically $0$ and $1$, to represent all numerical values. Therefore, the binary number system itself is used. Option (b) Binary is correct. Option (a) decimal refers to the base-$10$ system. Option (c) Byte is a unit of digital information (8 bits). Option (d) Bit is the smallest unit of digital information (a single $0$ or $1$). These are related concepts but do not describe the number system itself.

Question 28

How many digits are there in binary number system ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Two. The binary number system is a base-$2$ system, meaning it employs exactly two distinct digits to represent all numbers. These digits are universally $0$ and $1$. For instance, the decimal number $2$ is $102$ in binary, using two digits. Option (b) Two is correct. Option (a) One is incorrect; a system with one digit could only represent zero. Options (c) Three and (d) Four are incorrect, as they would correspond to ternary (base-$3$) or quaternary (base-$4$) systems, respectively. The fundamental characteristic of "binary" is "two" distinct symbols.

Question 29

What are the two digits of binary system ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) 1 and 0. The binary number system, being a base-$2$ system, fundamentally uses two distinct digits. These digits are $0$ and $1$. These are the foundational symbols for all digital data representation. Option (b) $1$ and $0$ is correct. Options (a) $1$ and $9$, (c) $1$ and $4$, and (d) $1$ and $2$ are incorrect because digits like $9$, $4$, and $2$ are not part of the binary system's allowed symbols. The binary system strictly operates with only $0$ and $1$ to encode information, representing 'off' and 'on' states respectively.

Question 30

Today's mostly used coding system is

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (a) ASCII and EBCDIC. Among the given options, ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a widely used character encoding standard for electronic communication, forming the basis for many modern encodings like Unicode. EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) is another significant encoding, primarily used on IBM mainframe operating systems. Option (a) "ASCII and EBCDIC" is the most comprehensive answer, acknowledging both as major coding systems that are still in use in various contexts, even if Unicode is globally dominant today. Option (b) ASCII is widely used, but (a) includes another significant system. Option (c) EBCDIC is more specialized. Options (d) and (e) are incorrect.

Question 31

Series of eight bits is called

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Byte. In computer science, a byte is a fundamental unit of digital information, universally defined as a group of eight bits. This is a core concept in data storage and processing. Option (b) Byte is correct. Option (a) Bit is the smallest unit, a single $0$ or $1$. Option (c) Number is a general mathematical concept. Option (d) Kilobyte is $1024$ bytes, which is $1024 times 8 = 8192$ bits, far more than eight bits. Therefore, 'Byte' precisely describes a series of eight bits, serving as a convenient grouping for data.

Question 32

......... shows 'off' state of current in binary code.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) 0. In the binary number system, which represents digital states, the digit '0' universally signifies the 'off' state, a low voltage level, or a false logical condition. Conversely, the digit '1' represents the 'on' state, a high voltage, or a true logical condition. Option (b) $0$ is correct. Option (a) $1$ represents the 'on' state. Options (c) $3$, (d) $2$, and (e) $5$ are not valid single binary digits; they are decimal representations. Thus, $0$ is the correct binary representation for the 'off' state, a fundamental concept in digital electronics.

Question 33

Group of eight bits 10010110 or 01100101 is called

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Byte. A byte is a fundamental unit of digital information, defined as a group of eight bits. Both "10010110" and "01100101" are sequences containing exactly eight binary digits (bits). Therefore, each sequence represents one byte of data. Option (b) Byte is correct. Option (a) Nibble is a group of four bits. Option (c) Bit is a single binary digit. Option (d) Robote is not a standard term in computer science for a unit of data. This definition is crucial for understanding how characters and other data are stored.

Question 34

The length of any word in a computer is measured in

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) Bits. In computer architecture, a "word" refers to the natural unit of data that a particular processor design handles at one time. The size of a computer's word is fundamentally defined and measured in bits (e.g., a $32$-bit word or a $64$-bit word). While a word can also be expressed in bytes (e.g., a $64$-bit word is $8$ bytes), bits are the most granular and fundamental unit for specifying its length. Option (d) Bits is therefore the most precise answer. Option (a) Byte is a valid unit but less fundamental than bits for defining a word's inherent size. Options (b) Millimeter and (c) meter are units of physical length, irrelevant to data size.

Question 35

1001, Series of four bits is called

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Nibble. A 'nibble' (sometimes spelled 'nybble') is a standard unit of digital information consisting of exactly four bits. It is equivalent to half of an eight-bit byte. The sequence "1001" contains precisely four binary digits. Option (b) Nibble is correct. Option (a) Byte is a group of eight bits. Option (c) Bit is a single binary digit. Option (d) Input refers to data entered into a system, not a specific unit of four bits. Therefore, 'Nibble' is the accurate term for a series of four bits, often used to represent a single hexadecimal digit.

Question 36

What is logic gate?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) A type of circuit. A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. It is a physical device that takes one or more binary inputs (representing $0$ or $1$) and produces a single binary output based on a specific logical function (e.g., AND, OR, NOT). These gates are implemented using electronic switches (like transistors) and are fundamental to all digital electronics, forming the basis of computers. Option (b) A type of circuit is correct. Option (a) A software is a set of instructions. Option (c) A special Cd is irrelevant. Option (d) A computer game is an application. These gates are the hardware foundation of computation.

Question 37

Which of the following measures in megabyte?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) Memory capacity of computers. The question asks what is typically measured in megabytes. A megabyte ($text{MB}$) is a standard unit of digital information storage. Option (a) 'Intensity of earthquake' is measured using scales like the Richter scale or Mercalli intensity scale, not in megabytes. Option (b) 'Capacity of power' is measured in units such as Watts ($text{W}$), Joules ($text{J}$), or Watt-hours ($text{Wh}$), not megabytes. Option (c) 'Memory capacity of computers' refers to the amount of data a computer's memory (like RAM or hard drive) can store. This capacity is indeed commonly measured in bytes, kilobytes ($text{KB}$), megabytes ($text{MB}$), gigabytes ($text{GB}$), and terabytes ($text{TB}$). Therefore, 'Memory capacity of computers' is the correct answer. Option (d) 'None of these' is incorrect as option (c) is valid.

Question 38

One kilobyte is equivalent to ...................

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) 1024 byte. In the context of computer science and digital storage, a kilobyte ($text{KB}$) is conventionally defined as $2^{10}$ bytes. Let's analyze the options: Option (a) '1000 byte' is the SI (International System of Units) definition for 'kilo' ($10^3$), but in computing, this is often referred to as a kilobyte (decimal) or kibibyte ($text{KiB}$) for $1024$ bytes. However, when 'kilobyte' is used without further qualification in computing, it almost always refers to $1024$ bytes. Option (b) '1024 byte' is precisely $2^{10}$ bytes, which is the standard definition of one kilobyte in computer memory and storage. This is the correct answer. Options (c) '10000 byte' and (d) '100000 byte' are incorrect values for a kilobyte. Option (e) 'None of these' is incorrect because option (b) is the correct equivalence.

Question 39

Generally a computer's memory represented in kilobyte and megabyte and byte is made of ...................

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (a) Eight binary digit. The question asks about the fundamental composition of a byte, given that computer memory is measured in units like bytes, kilobytes, and megabytes. The smallest unit of information in computing is a bit, which is a binary digit (either $0$ or $1$). A byte is the most common fundamental unit of data storage and is universally defined as a collection of $8$ bits. Therefore, a byte is made up of eight binary digits. Option (a) 'Eight binary digit' correctly describes a byte. Option (b) 'Two binary digit' would be $2$ bits, which is not a byte. Options (c) 'Eight decimal digit' and (d) 'Two decimal digit' are incorrect because computers operate on binary digits, not decimal digits, at this fundamental level. Option (e) 'None of these' is incorrect as option (a) provides the correct composition.

Question 40

How many options does a binary choice offer ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) Two. A 'binary choice' inherently refers to a situation where there are exactly two possible outcomes or states. The term 'binary' itself means 'consisting of two parts' or 'relating to a system of numbers having $2$ as its base'. In computing, this is represented by $0$ or $1$. Therefore, a binary choice offers precisely two options. Option (a) 'One' is incorrect as it would not be a choice if there's only one option. Option (b) 'Two' accurately defines the number of options in a binary choice. Option (c) 'Three' is incorrect as it would be a ternary choice, not binary. Option (d) 'It depends on the amount of memory in the computer' is irrelevant; the definition of a binary choice is independent of memory size. Option (e) 'None of these' is incorrect because option (b) is the correct answer.

Question 41

The ............ indicates how much data a particular storage medium can hold.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) capacity. The question asks for the term that quantifies the amount of data a storage medium can store. Option (a) 'access' refers to the process or speed of retrieving data from storage, not the quantity it can hold. Option (b) 'capacity' is the precise term used to describe the total amount of data that a storage device or medium (like a hard drive, USB drive, or RAM) can store. This is the correct answer. Option (c) 'memory' is a type of storage (e.g., RAM, ROM), but 'capacity' is the measure of how much data that memory can hold. 'Memory' itself is not the indicator of 'how much data it can hold' in the way 'capacity' is. Option (d) 'storage' is a general term for where data is kept, but like 'memory', it doesn't specifically indicate the amount of data. Option (e) 'none of these' is incorrect as option (b) is the appropriate term.

Question 42

The smallest unit of information a computer can understand and process is known as a ...................

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) bit. The fundamental building block of digital information in computing is the bit. Option (a) 'digit' is too general; it could refer to decimal digits ($0-9$), which are not the smallest unit a computer understands at its most basic level. Option (b) 'kilobyte' ($text{KB}$) is a much larger unit, equivalent to $1024$ bytes or $8192$ bits. Option (c) 'bit' is an abbreviation for 'binary digit' and represents the smallest unit of data in a computer, capable of holding a single binary value ($0$ or $1$). This is the correct answer. Option (d) 'byte' is a collection of $8$ bits, making it a larger unit than a bit. Option (e) 'none of these' is incorrect because option (c) correctly identifies the smallest unit of information.

Question 43

A computer works on a ............ number system.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (a) binary. Computers, at their most fundamental level, operate using electrical signals that are either 'on' or 'off'. This two-state nature directly corresponds to the binary number system, which uses only two digits: $0$ and $1$. Option (a) 'binary' is the correct answer because all data, instructions, and operations within a computer's central processing unit (CPU) are ultimately represented and processed using binary code. Option (b) 'octal' (base-$8$), (c) 'decimal' (base-$10$), and (d) 'hexadecimal' (base-$16$) are number systems that humans often use to represent binary data in a more compact and readable form, but the computer itself does not natively work in these systems for its internal operations. Option (e) 'none of these' is incorrect as option (a) is correct.

Question 44

Computers use the ............ system to process data.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) binary. This question reiterates the fundamental operational principle of computers. Option (a) 'processing' describes the action computers perform on data, not the system they use for data representation. Option (b) 'kilobyte' is a unit of data storage, not a system for processing data. Option (c) 'binary' refers to the binary number system, which is the system computers fundamentally use to represent and process all data. Every piece of information, from text to images to program instructions, is encoded as a sequence of $0$s and $1$s. This is the correct answer. Option (d) 'representational' is too vague and not a specific system. Option (e) 'none of these' is incorrect as option (c) accurately describes the system used.

Question 45

Information on a computer is stored as ...................

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (b) digital data. Computers are digital devices, meaning they process and store information in discrete, quantifiable units. Option (a) 'analog data' refers to continuous signals (like sound waves or light intensity) that vary smoothly over time. While computers can process analog data, they first convert it into a digital format for storage and manipulation. Option (b) 'digital data' is information represented by discrete values, typically binary digits ($0$s and $1$s). This is how all information (text, images, audio, video, programs) is stored in a computer. This is the correct answer. Option (c) 'modem data' refers to data transmitted via a modem, which is a device, not a fundamental storage format. Option (d) 'watts data' is nonsensical; Watts ($text{W}$) is a unit of power. Option (e) 'none of these' is incorrect as option (b) correctly identifies the storage format.

Question 46

In the binary language each letter of the alphabet, each number and each special character is made up of a unique combination of ...................

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) eight bits. Character encoding standards, such as ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) or UTF-8, define how characters (letters, numbers, symbols) are represented in binary form. In many common encodings, a single character is represented by a unique combination of $8$ bits, which collectively form one byte. Option (a) 'eight bytes' would be $8 times 8 = 64$ bits, which is typically too large for a single character in standard encodings. Option (b) 'eight kilobytes' is an extremely large amount of data, far beyond what's needed for one character. Option (c) 'eight characters' is incorrect; a character is made of bits, not other characters. Option (d) 'eight bits' is the correct answer, as $8$ bits form a byte, which is the standard size for representing a single character in many computer systems. Option (e) 'none of these' is incorrect as option (d) is accurate.

Question 47

A string of eight 0s and 1s is called a ...................

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) byte. The fundamental unit of digital information is a bit, which can be either a $0$ or a $1$. When $8$ of these bits are grouped together, they form a byte. This grouping allows for $2^8 = 256$ unique combinations, enough to represent various characters, numbers, and symbols. Option (a) 'megabyte' ($text{MB}$) is a unit equivalent to $1024 times 1024$ bytes. Option (b) 'kilobyte' ($text{KB}$) is equivalent to $1024$ bytes. Option (c) 'gigabyte' ($text{GB}$) is equivalent to $1024 times 1024 times 1024$ bytes. Option (d) 'byte' is precisely defined as a sequence of $8$ bits (eight $0$s and $1$s). This is the correct answer. Option (e) 'none of these' is incorrect because option (d) accurately describes the term.

Comp Chap 7

47 Questions Available

Comp Chap 7

47 Questions Available

Question 1: 4. is approximately one billion bytes.

Question 2: 5. Which of the following is true ?

Question 3: 2. The largest unit of storage is

Question 4: 6. How many choices are there in binary choice ?

Question 5: 7. How many bits are represented in one byte?

Question 6: 8. One megabyte is equal to approximately

Question 7: 9. The smallest unit of computer memory is called .........

Question 8: 3. The time bit is short for

Question 9: 1. To calculate perform calculation and store data computer user number system.

Question 10: In computer terminology, what is a nibble?

Question 11: 1 gigabyte equals to—

Question 12: 1 terabyte is equal to—

Question 13: The smallest unit in a digital system is a .........

Question 14: Which of the following is the largest unit of storage ?

Question 15: A ......... is approximately one billion bytes.

Question 16: The computer abbreviation KB usually means .........

Question 17: Information on a computer is stored as what ?

Question 18: One thousand bytes is a .........

Question 19: Which of the following is the second largest measurement of RAM ?

Question 20: One TB approximately comprises or occupies which of the following data or space size ?

Question 21: As per data or space sizes, which one of the following series is arranged from largest to smallest ?

Question 22: Which one of the following is the equivalent 8421BCD code of the decimal number 87.34 ?

Question 23: Which one of the following digital circuits is used as the basic component for storing data ?

Question 24: The method to store characters and symbols in bytes is called

Question 25: One kilobyte makes from

Question 26: Which of the following is used for memory measurement?

Question 27: In binary number which number system is used ?

Question 28: How many digits are there in binary number system ?

Question 29: What are the two digits of binary system ?

Question 30: Today's mostly used coding system is

Question 31: Series of eight bits is called

Question 32: ......... shows 'off' state of current in binary code.

Question 33: Group of eight bits 10010110 or 01100101 is called

Question 34: The length of any word in a computer is measured in

Question 35: 1001, Series of four bits is called

Question 36: What is logic gate?

Question 37: Which of the following measures in megabyte?

Question 38: One kilobyte is equivalent to ...................

Question 39: Generally a computer's memory represented in kilobyte and megabyte and byte is made of ...................

Question 40: How many options does a binary choice offer ?

Question 41: The ............ indicates how much data a particular storage medium can hold.

Question 42: The smallest unit of information a computer can understand and process is known as a ...................

Question 43: A computer works on a ............ number system.

Question 44: Computers use the ............ system to process data.

Question 45: Information on a computer is stored as ...................

Question 46: In the binary language each letter of the alphabet, each number and each special character is made up of a unique combination of ...................

Question 47: A string of eight 0s and 1s is called a ...................