Explanation:

The fundamental components of any computer system are broadly categorized into hardware and software. Hardware refers to the physical, tangible parts of a computer, such as the CPU, RAM, motherboard, and input/output devices. Software, on the other hand, consists of the intangible programs, data, and instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Option (a) correctly identifies these two overarching categories. Option (b) is incorrect because CPU/RAM are specific hardware components, not a general category, and 'software' is only one part. Option (c) 'application software' is a specific type of software, not a fundamental division of all computer components. Option (d) 'input devices or output devices' are specific types of hardware, not encompassing all hardware or software. Therefore, (a) is the only comprehensive and correct classification.