Rhodesian Man refers to a fossil hominin skull, officially designated Kabwe 1, discovered in 1921 in a lead and zinc mine in Broken Hill (now Kabwe), Zambia. This remarkably complete skull, along with other skeletal fragments, represents a significant find in understanding human evolution in Africa. The skull exhibits a mosaic of primitive and derived features, making its taxonomic classification a subject of ongoing debate.

Key features of Kabwe 1 include an extremely large brow ridge, a very broad face, a low cranial vault, and a relatively large braincase (estimated at around 1280 cubic centimeters), which is larger than Homo erectus but smaller than most modern humans. Initially, it was classified as a new species, Homo rhodesiensis. However, many researchers now classify it as Homo heidelbergensis, a species thought to be ancestral to both Neanderthals and modern humans, or as an archaic Homo sapiens. The discovery of Rhodesian Man provided crucial evidence for the presence of archaic human forms in Africa during the Middle Pleistocene, bridging the morphological gap between earlier hominins like Homo erectus and later modern humans. It highlights the complex and diverse evolutionary pathways that led to Homo sapiens across the African continent.