Kumar Suresh Singh (K. S. Singh) was a distinguished Indian anthropologist and former Director General of the Anthropological Survey of India (ASI). His most monumental contribution to Indian anthropology is the conceptualization and execution of the 'People of India' (PoI) project.

Launched in 1985, the PoI project was an ambitious, nationwide ethnographic survey aimed at documenting the cultural, social, linguistic, and biological diversity of all communities in India. It involved thousands of researchers who collected data on over 4,694 communities across every state and union territory. The project's primary objective was to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of India's pluralistic society, moving beyond simplistic classifications of caste and tribe.

The PoI project resulted in a multi-volume publication series that detailed the history, social organization, economy, religion, language, and cultural practices of each community. This vast database became an invaluable resource for scholars, policymakers, and the general public, highlighting the intricate tapestry of Indian identities and the dynamic nature of cultural interactions.

Beyond the PoI project, K. S. Singh also made significant contributions through his research on tribal movements, folklore, and the politics of identity in India. His work consistently emphasized the importance of empirical research, interdisciplinary approaches, and a deep respect for the diversity of human experience. His legacy lies in providing a robust framework for understanding India's complex social landscape and in fostering a more inclusive and informed discourse on its people.