The human adolescent growth spurt is a rapid and intense period of physical growth and development that occurs during puberty. It is a defining characteristic of human adolescence, marked by significant increases in height, weight, and changes in body composition. This spurt is primarily driven by hormonal changes, particularly the increased secretion of growth hormone, thyroid hormones, and sex steroids (estrogens and androgens).

Typically, girls experience their growth spurt earlier than boys, usually between ages 10 and 14, peaking around 12. Boys generally start later, between ages 12 and 16, with a peak around 14. During this period, skeletal growth accelerates, leading to a rapid increase in long bone length. Muscle mass also increases, especially in boys, while body fat distribution changes, with girls typically accumulating more fat in certain areas.

The growth spurt is not just about physical size; it also involves the maturation of reproductive organs and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. This complex biological process is influenced by a combination of genetic factors, nutrition, health, and environmental conditions. It represents a critical phase of development, preparing the individual for reproductive maturity and adult physical form.