Million-plus cities in India face severe environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization and population growth. Major problems include acute air pollution from vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and construction dust, leading to respiratory illnesses. Water pollution is rampant, with untreated sewage and industrial effluents contaminating rivers and groundwater. Inadequate solid waste management results in overflowing landfills and unhygienic conditions. Noise pollution from traffic and construction degrades quality of life. Loss of green spaces, urban heat island effect, and strain on infrastructure like housing and sanitation further exacerbate the situation. These issues disproportionately affect informal settlements. Management requires a multi-pronged approach: implementing sustainable urban planning with green infrastructure and efficient public transport; enforcing stricter pollution control norms for industries and vehicles; promoting decentralized waste management, segregation at source, recycling, and composting; investing in rainwater harvesting and wastewater treatment for water security; creating urban forests and parks; and fostering public awareness and participation. Robust governance, policy enforcement, and inter-agency coordination are crucial for creating healthier, livable urban environments.