India's foreign policy is deeply rooted in its historical experience, particularly the Indian National Movement, and its unique geographical location. These two factors have profoundly shaped its diplomatic orientation and strategic choices.

Indian National Movement as a Determinant: The anti-colonial struggle instilled core values that became foundational to India's foreign policy:

1. Non-Alignment: The movement's emphasis on self-reliance and independence from colonial powers translated into the principle of Non-Alignment during the Cold War, refusing to join either superpower bloc and asserting an autonomous foreign policy.
2. Anti-Colonialism and Anti-Imperialism: India became a vocal champion for decolonization and liberation movements across Asia and Africa, reflecting its own struggle against British rule.
3. Panchsheel: Principles of peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, non-interference, and non-aggression emerged from the movement's ideals, guiding India's relations with other nations.
4. Democracy and Secularism: The internal values of a democratic, secular republic, forged during the movement, influenced India's preference for democratic partners and its advocacy for pluralism on the global stage.
5. Disarmament: Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence contributed to India's early advocacy for nuclear disarmament and peaceful resolution of conflicts.

Geographical Location as a Determinant: India's geography dictates its strategic imperatives and regional interactions:

1. Peninsular Nature and Indian Ocean: With a long coastline, India's centrality in the Indian Ocean is crucial for trade, energy security, and maritime defense. This necessitates a strong navy and active engagement with littoral states and major maritime powers.
2. Himalayan Borders: The formidable Himalayas define its northern frontier, leading to complex relations with China and smaller neighbors like Nepal and Bhutan, often involving border disputes and strategic competition.
3. Proximity to South Asia: India's dominant position in South Asia naturally places it at the center of regional dynamics, influencing its 'Neighborhood First' policy and engagement with SAARC (though often challenged).
4. Strategic Location: Situated at the crossroads of West Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Africa, India's location makes it a vital player in regional connectivity, trade routes, and geopolitical balancing.
5. Resource Access: Proximity to energy-rich West Asia and trade routes to resource-rich Africa underscores the importance of stable relations and secure sea lanes.

Together, these determinants have shaped India's foreign policy into a blend of idealism and pragmatism, seeking strategic autonomy while engaging actively in a complex global environment.