Equality of outcome, as a political idea, posits that all individuals or groups in a society should end up with similar levels of resources, wealth, or well-being, irrespective of their starting points or efforts. Unlike equality of opportunity, which focuses on ensuring fair chances, equality of outcome aims to achieve a more equitable distribution of results. This concept is often associated with socialist and communist ideologies, which advocate for significant state intervention to redistribute wealth and resources.

Proponents argue that true justice requires addressing systemic inequalities that prevent certain groups from achieving similar outcomes, even with equal opportunities. They believe it can lead to greater social cohesion, reduce poverty, and ensure basic needs are met for all. Critics, however, contend that pursuing equality of outcome can stifle individual initiative, limit personal freedom, and lead to economic inefficiency. They argue that it often requires extensive state control and can be difficult to implement without infringing upon individual liberties and meritocratic principles.