Mahatma Gandhi's concept of 'Gram Swaraj' (village self-rule) serves as the foundational blueprint for understanding his unique perspective on planning for India. Unlike conventional, centralized models of development, Gram Swaraj envisioned a decentralized, self-sufficient, and self-governing village republic as the basic unit of a truly independent and prosperous India.

At its core, Gram Swaraj emphasized economic self-sufficiency. Gandhi believed that villages should produce their own food, clothing (through Khadi and village industries), and other necessities, minimizing dependence on external markets. This local production was not just about economics but also about fostering community spirit, dignity of labor, and sustainable living. Planning, from this perspective, would involve supporting and strengthening these local economies, rather than imposing large-scale industrialization.

Politically, Gram Swaraj advocated for direct democracy at the grassroots level. Each village would manage its own affairs through a Panchayat, making decisions collectively and resolving disputes internally. This meant that planning would be a bottom-up process, with local communities identifying their needs, setting their priorities, and implementing development initiatives. This contrasts sharply with top-down planning where decisions are made by distant authorities.

Socially, Gram Swaraj was rooted in principles of equality, non-violence (Ahimsa), and truth (Satyagraha). It aimed to eradicate untouchability, promote communal harmony, and ensure equitable distribution of resources. The concept of 'Sarvodaya' (welfare of all) was integral, meaning that planning should prioritize the well-being of the weakest sections of society. This holistic approach meant that development was not just about economic growth but about moral and social upliftment.

Therefore, to understand Gandhian planning, one must grasp Gram Swaraj's emphasis on decentralization, local self-reliance, ethical governance, and social justice. It was a vision of development that prioritized human well-being, ecological balance, and community empowerment over material accumulation and centralized power, offering an alternative paradigm to the industrial and state-led planning models prevalent at the time.