The industrial society, emerging from the Industrial Revolution, fundamentally transformed the social organization of work, moving away from agrarian and craft-based production. This new mode of production brought about distinct characteristics in how work was structured, managed, and experienced. Key aspects include:

1. Factory System and Centralization: Work shifted from homes and small workshops to large, centralized factories. This concentration of labor and machinery facilitated mass production and required workers to commute to a central workplace, separating home life from work life. The factory became the primary site of production and social interaction for workers.

2. Division of Labor and Specialization: Industrial work was characterized by an extensive division of labor. Complex tasks were broken down into simpler, repetitive steps, with each worker specializing in a small part of the production process. This 'deskilling' of labor, as critiqued by thinkers like Harry Braverman, increased efficiency but often led to monotonous and alienating work for individuals.

3. Mechanization and Technology: The widespread use of machines and new technologies (e.g., steam power, assembly lines) became central to industrial production. Machines dictated the pace of work, and workers often became extensions of the machinery, performing repetitive tasks at a speed determined by the production line.

4. Hierarchical Management and Bureaucracy: Industrial organizations developed rigid hierarchical structures. Management became a distinct function, responsible for planning, organizing, and controlling the production process. Bureaucratic principles, as described by Max Weber, became prevalent, emphasizing rationality, rules, impersonality, and clear lines of authority to ensure efficiency and predictability.

5. Wage Labor and Commodification of Labor: The dominant form of employment became wage labor, where workers sold their labor power for a wage. Labor became a commodity, subject to market forces. This created a clear distinction between employers (owners of capital) and employees (wage earners), often leading to class stratification and conflict.

6. Standardization and Mass Production: Industrial work aimed for standardization of products and processes to achieve economies of scale. Mass production techniques, exemplified by Fordism, involved assembly lines and interchangeable parts, leading to uniform goods produced in large quantities.

7. Time Discipline and Punctuality: Industrial work demanded strict time discipline. Workers were expected to adhere to fixed schedules, punch clocks, and work for specific hours, often long and arduous. Punctuality and attendance became crucial for maintaining production flow.

8. Urbanization and Migration: The growth of factories in urban centers led to massive rural-to-urban migration, creating large industrial cities. This concentration of population brought new social challenges but also fostered new forms of social organization and collective action among workers.

9. Emergence of Trade Unions: In response to harsh working conditions, low wages, and lack of worker rights, trade unions emerged as a significant force. They organized workers to collectively bargain for better pay, safer conditions, and improved rights, challenging the absolute power of employers.

10. Gendered and Age-Based Division of Labor: Industrial work often reinforced existing gender roles, with men typically in heavier industrial roles and women in lighter assembly or textile work, often paid less. Child labor was also prevalent in the early stages of industrialization.

In summary, the social organization of work in industrial society was characterized by a shift to centralized factory production, extensive division of labor, mechanization, hierarchical management, and the dominance of wage labor. While it brought unprecedented productivity and economic growth, it also created new forms of social stratification, alienation, and labor struggles, profoundly shaping modern society.