The Green Revolution, introduced in India during the mid-1960s, was a technological package involving High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and assured irrigation, primarily aimed at increasing food grain production. While it successfully transformed India from a food-deficit nation to a food-surplus one, its impact on rural society was profoundly uneven, exacerbating existing inequalities and creating new forms of stratification. Sociologically, the benefits of the Green Revolution were largely confined to specific regions like Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh, which had access to irrigation and capital, leading to significant regional disparities. Within these regions, the revolution primarily benefited large and medium farmers who could afford the expensive inputs and machinery. Small and marginal farmers, lacking capital, often struggled to adopt the new technologies, leading to increased indebtedness, land alienation, and many being pushed into the ranks of landless laborers. This process, known as the 'proletarianization of the peasantry,' intensified class divisions in rural areas. Mechanization, a byproduct of the Green Revolution, further displaced agricultural laborers, particularly Dalits and other marginalized groups, reducing their employment opportunities. Environmentally, the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides led to soil degradation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity, disproportionately affecting the poor who depend directly on natural resources. The commercialization of agriculture also made farmers vulnerable to market fluctuations and price crashes. In essence, while the Green Revolution was a technological success in terms of food production, it created a complex web of social and economic disparities, intensifying rural tensions and highlighting the need for more inclusive and sustainable agricultural development strategies.