Islam as practiced in India exhibits distinct features shaped by centuries of interaction with local cultures. Historically, a prominent feature has been syncretism, where Islamic practices blended with local Hindu customs, traditions, and festivals, particularly evident in Sufi traditions and the reverence for local saints (pirs). Another unique aspect is the development of caste-like social stratification among Indian Muslims, influenced by the surrounding Hindu caste system, despite Islam's egalitarian tenets. Sufism, with its mystical and inclusive approach, has also been a defining characteristic, fostering inter-religious harmony. Over time, these features have undergone significant changes. During the colonial period, reformist movements emerged, aiming to 'purify' Islam by emphasizing scriptural adherence and reducing syncretic practices, often in response to Western influence and internal debates. Post-independence, while syncretism persists in many regions, there has been a growing trend towards greater orthodoxy and a globalized understanding of Islam, sometimes leading to a reduction in local cultural adaptations. Furthermore, Islam has increasingly become a significant political identity, especially in the context of communal politics, influencing its practice and public perception.