Sociology Optional 2018 Paper II

Elaborate the concept of constitutional morality as given by B. R. Ambedkar.

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B. R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, viewed 'constitutional morality' as a cornerstone for the successful functioning of a democratic republic. For Ambedkar, constitutional morality was not merely about adhering to the letter of the law, but about imbibing and upholding the spirit and values enshrined in the Constitution. He famously stated that constitutional morality is not a natural sentiment but has to be 'cultivated.'

Ambedkar understood constitutional morality as a 'paramount reverence for the forms of the Constitution,' implying a commitment to its principles even when they might be unpopular or challenge existing social norms. It demands that individuals and institutions act in accordance with the democratic principles of liberty, equality, fraternity, and justice, which form the bedrock of the Constitution. It requires a willingness to subordinate one's personal interests, group loyalties, or even popular opinion to the higher ideals of the Constitution.

He emphasized that in a society marked by deep-seated inequalities and hierarchical structures, constitutional morality serves as a crucial check against majoritarianism and arbitrary power. It calls for a constant vigilance against the 'grammar of anarchy' – the tendency to disregard constitutional methods for achieving social and economic objectives. For Ambedkar, constitutional morality was essential to prevent democracy from degenerating into a mere form and to ensure that the ideals of social justice and human dignity are realized in practice. It is a moral compass that guides political actors, citizens, and institutions to uphold the democratic ethos and protect the rights of all, especially the marginalized.