UPSC Prelim 2025 Paper I

In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements : I. Cobalt II. Graphite III. Lithium IV. Nickel How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?

Verified Answer
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. All the four

Explanation:

Cobalt, Lithium, and Nickel are common elements found in the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (e.g., Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO), Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC), Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA)). Graphite, on the other hand, is predominantly used as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries, not the cathode.